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}} |other_name = Huáng Hé |category_hide = 1 | image = Hukou Waterfall.jpg | image_caption = The Yellow River at the Hukou Falls. | country = China | state = Qinghai | state1 = Sichuan | state2 = Gansu | state3 = Ningxia | state4 = Inner Mongolia | state5 = Shaanxi | state6 = Shanxi | state7 = Henan | state8 = Shandong | region = | district = | municipality = | tributary_left = Fen River (and many smaller rivers) | tributary_left1 = | tributary_left2 = | tributary_left3 = | tributary_left4 = | tributary_left5 = | tributary_right = Tao River | tributary_right1 = Wei River (and many smaller rivers) | tributary_right2 = | tributary_right3 = | tributary_right4 = | tributary_right5 = | source = Bayan Har Mountains | source_location = Yushu Prefecture | source_region = Qinghai | source_lat_d = 34| source_lat_m = 29| source_lat_s = 31| source_lat_NS =N | source_long_d = 96| source_long_m =20 | source_long_s = 25| source_long_EW =E | source_elevation = 4800 | mouth = Bohai Sea | mouth_location = Kenli County |mouth_region = Shandong | mouth_lat_d = 37 | mouth_lat_m = 46| mouth_lat_s = 48| mouth_lat_NS =N | mouth_long_d = 119| mouth_long_m = 15| mouth_long_s = 00| mouth_long_EW = E | mouth_elevation = 0 | length = 5464 | discharge = 2571 | watershed = 752000 | map = Yellowrivermap.jpg | map_caption = Map of the Yellow River in northeastern China }} The Yellow River or Huang He is the third-longest river in Asia, following the Yangtze River and Yenisei River, and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of .〔(Yellow River (Huang He) Delta, China, Asia ). Geol.lsu.edu (2000-02-28). Retrieved on 2013-02-04.〕 Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of western China, it flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. The Yellow River basin has an east–west extent of about and a north–south extent of about . Its total basin area is about . The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization", because its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, and it was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. However, because of frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed (due in part to manmade erosion upstream), sometimes above the level of its surrounding farm fields, it also has the names China's Sorrow and Scourge of the Sons of Han.〔''New York Times'' "(A Troubled River Mirrors China's Path to Modernity )". 19 November 2006 p. 4.〕 ==Name== Early Chinese literature including the ''Yu Gong'' or ''Tribute of Yu'' dating to the Warring States period (475221 BC) refers to the Yellow River as simply (Old Chinese: '' *C.gˤaj''〔Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. ', p. 41. 2011. Accessed 11 October 2011.〕), a character that has come to mean "river" in modern usage. The first appearance of the name (Old Chinese: '' *N-kʷˤaŋ C.gˤaj''; Middle Chinese: ''Hwang Ha''〔) is in the Book of Han written during the Eastern Han dynasty about the Western Han dynasty. The adjective "yellow" describes the perennial color of the muddy water in the lower course of the river, which arises from soil (loess) being carried downstream. One of its older Mongolian names was the "Black River",〔Parker, Edward H. ''(China: Her History, Diplomacy, and Commerce, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day )'', p. 11. Dutton (New York), 1917.〕 because the river runs clear before it enters the Loess Plateau, but the current name of the river among Inner Mongolians is ''Ȟatan Gol'' (, "Queen River").〔(Geonames.de ). "(geonames.de: Huang He )".〕 In Mongolia itself, it is simply called the ''Šar Mörön'' (, "Yellow River"). In Qinghai, the river's Tibetan name is "River of the Peacock" (Tibetan: །, ''Ma Chu''; Chinese: , , ''Mǎ Qū''). The name Hwang Ho in English is the postal romanization of the river's Chinese name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「yellow river」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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